What are hazards and risks when it comes to aviation operations?
Regarding UAS hazards and risks, Barnhart, Marshall, Shappee, and Most (2016) have an excellent hazards and risks analysis tool within their book Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems. In chapter 7 it focuses on the safety aspects of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) operations and how to identify and mitigate those issues. Identifying potential safety issues early on before operating the UAS provides both the drone operator and team to be alert and aware of their surrounding hazards. After potential hazards are identified it is imperative to then assess the risks of these hazards. This assessments provides the operators insights on the hazards and to be continually monitoring the operations for overall safety.
What tools can be used to mitigate risks to BVLOS operations?
According to Fang, Young, and Rolland (2018) the aviation industry has begun to require detect and avoid (DAA) technology to be installed on small UAS to help aid when there are issues with not being able to see beyond-line-of-sight (BVLOS). DAA technology aids the drone pilot with being able to maintain some sort of situational awareness while operating the drone to help mitigate potential collisions with other aircraft. The ultimate goal for DAA technology is to eventually integrate sUAS into the national air space (NAS) without any issues or threat to manned aircraft.
How have human factors contributed to the UAS mishap and accident rates?
According to the FAA (2016) nearly 80 percent of all aviation associated accidents are directly affiliated to human factors issues with landing and takeoff incidents to make up the bulk of those accidents. While this statistic is mainly for manned aircraft, the same concern applies to the operation of UAS as well. There is also a widely used mishap severity category assessment tool utilized to determine the level of the safety issue that could happen. Within this tool there are four levels of mishaps to include: negligible, marginal, critical, and catastrophic. Each level is used to assess based on potential loss of life likability and damage costs.
Thanks,
EMW
References
Barhart, K., Marshall, D., Shappee, E., and Most, M. (2016). Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/erau/reader.action?docID=4710295#
Fang, S., Young, S., and Rolland, L. (2018). Development of small uas beyond-line-of-sight (bvlos) flight operations: Requirements and procedures. Retrieved from https://doaj.org/article/37ef53be2b9b4d6385e4f00125a652a2
Federal Aviation Administration (2016). Remote pilot - Small unmanned aircraft systems study guide. Retrieved from https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/media/remote_pilot_study_guide.pdf
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